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Pasji parazit bi lahko pomagal v boju proti neozdravljivim rakom

Parazit Neospora caninum, ki so ga leta 1984 odkrili pri nemških boksarjih, je neškodljiv za ljudi, vendar se je izkazal za učinkovitega proti tumorskim celicam pri miših.

Nekatere vrste raka je mogoče učinkovito zdraviti s kirurškim posegom, kemoterapijo in radioterapijo, druge pa se odzivajo slabo ali sploh ne. Izboljšanje zdravljenja teh bolezni je zato velik izziv.

Že nekaj let razvoj imunoterapije – zdravljenja, ki uporablja različne komponente imunskega sistema za boj proti tumorjem – ponuja upanje. Nekateri uporabljajo modificirane viruse, vendar lahko povzročijo škodljive učinke na bolnike. Da bi rešili to težavo, je ekipa znanstvenikov preučila možnost, da namesto tega uporabi mikroorganizem Neospora caninum.

Novo terapevtsko upanje

N. caninum je enocelični parazit, ki lahko pri nekaterih živalih (govedu in psih) povzroči hude nevrološke bolezni in fetalno smrt. Vendar pa je popolnoma neškodljiv za ljudi in večino glodavcev, zaradi razlik v imunskih odzivih. Hkrati se lahko N. caninum in vitro razmnožuje v celicah človeškega ali mišjega izvora.

Tako kot virusi, ki se uporabljajo v imunoterapiji, lahko N. caninum uniči celice, ki jih okuži, in povzroči močan imunski odziv. Zaradi teh dveh značilnosti je dober kandidat za protitumorsko imunoterapijo.

S tem v mislih so se odločili preizkusiti njegovo sposobnost zdravljenja raka timusa, imenovanega timom, pri miših. Ta vrsta raka se pri ljudeh večinoma zdravi kirurško. Cilj je bil dokazati učinkovitost zdravila N. caninum proti raku, preden ga testirajo na vrstah raka, ki so odporne proti obstoječim zdravljenjem.

Spodbudni rezultati

Znanstveniki so rezultate objavili v Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, ki kažejo, da je pri miših N. caninum sposoben nadzorovati razvoj tumorja do popolne regresije. Ti rezultati so bili pridobljeni ne le po vnosu (nemodificiranih) mikroorganizmov neposredno v tumor, ampak tudi na oddaljenosti od tumorja.

Čeprav ljudje niso dovzetni za okužbo z N. caninum, bo treba pred terapevtsko uporabo potrditi njegovo izločanje z imunskim sistemom. Potem ko je bila dokazana njegova učinkovitost pri modelu benignega raka, je naslednji korak preučevanje protirakavih lastnosti N. caninum pri raku, ki ga je težko zdraviti.

Vir: The Conversation

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